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Sumerové

27. 5. 2010

Sumerové

 Jsou nejstarším známým národem, který počátkem 3. tis. př. n. l. v jižní Mezopotámii mezi Eufratem s Tigridem vytvořil řadu evropských států, např. Ur. Centrem města byl chrám městského boha a palác vládce - těm byli podřízeni ostatní obyvatelé tj. úředníci, obchodníci řemeslníci, zemědělci.

Stavby: zikkuraty (stupňovité chrámové pahorky), zavlažovací a odvlažovací kanály.

Vynálezy: kolo, klínové písmo - zapisovalo se na hliněné tabulky.

Hlavním materiálem byla hlína (stavilo se z ní vše) a rákos X dřevo, kámen a kovy se dovážely.

Roku 2340 př. n. l. ovládl sumerská města Sargon Akatský a vytvořil 1. říši v Mezopotámii. Po jejím rozpadu zbyla 2 silná velká sumerská města:

Lagaš - vládce Gudea, Ur - vládce Urnamu.

Sumerské památky: Epos o Gilgamešovi, Standarta z Uru, Socha Gudea z Lagaše, stély - protáhlý kámen na výšku.

 

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